Esmaeili, Amir

Adversity Quotient, Emotional Quotient, and Spiritual Quotient among Iranian EFL Learners

AbstractEver since Gardner 1987 introduced the notion of multiple intelligences a myriad ofresearchers and scholars have placed paramount importance on this area Gardner s 1987 breakthrough paved the way for a surfeit of research on different realms such asEmotional Quotient and Intelligence Quotient while some other intelligences namelyAdversity Quotient and Spiritual Quotient have been flagrantly overlooked in spite oftheir being irrefutably influential especially in ELT and Iran The aim of the presentstudy was to investigate the amount of three measures of intelligences EQ AQ andSQ among Iranian EFL learners and discern whether they are correlated The data ofthis research was collected through a 54 item questionnaire which was a juxtapositionof three other questionnaires namely Adversity Response Profile ARP designed byStoltz 1997 Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale BEIS 10 developed by Davies et al 2010 and Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory SISRI devised by King 2008 and was translated into Farsi to ensure maximum comprehension of participants Thesample of this study consisted of 847 undergraduate Iranian EFL learners from Tehranand Isfahan in which 610 of them were males and 237 females SPSS 23 and AMOS 23were used to analyze the data and verify the construct validity of tests The results of thestudy indicated that Iranian EFL learners had an amount of AQ equal to below average their SQ was virtually average and their EQ proved to be above average Moreover itwas revealed that EQ AQ and SQ were strongly correlated with one another Keywords multiple Intelligences emotional intelligence adversity quotient spiritual quotient vi