69Moradi, fatemeh

An Investigation into the Relationship among EFL Learners’ Regulatory Focus, Regulatory Mode Orientations and Deep Learning Strategies

In the field of second language acquisition, individual differences are one the most critical factors that influence learning a second language and learners’ use of strategies. Among individual differences, motivation has proved its significant role in language achievement. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship among Iranian EFL learners’ regulatory focus, regulatory mode and deep learning selfregulated strategies. The participants of this causal study were 429 Iranian EFL learners who all were undergraduate students from both genders. The participants completed regulatory focus, regulatory mode, and deep learning self-regulated strategies questionnaires. The data analysis showed significant relationships among participants regulatory focus (promotion and prevention), regulatory mode (assessment and locomotion), and deep learning strategies (basic learning selfregulation strategies, visual elaboration and summarizing strategies, deep information processing strategies, and social learning self-regulation strategies). The findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between regulatory focus, critically promotion-focus and deep learning strategies. The relationship between learners’ promotion foci and their use of each subset of deep learning strategies was about equal and there were no meaningful differences among them. In addition, data analysis showed a significant positive relationship between regulatory mode and deep learning strategies. Moreover, locomotion-oriented learners had better operation in using deep learning strategies and their subset strategies. On the other hand, assessment learners used only basic learning self-regulation and deep information processing strategies. This study has implications for language educators, practitioners, and policymakers to address individual differences and create supportive learning environments.