اثرات كاربرد برگي بر و پوترسين بر تشكيل ميوه درختان زيتون

چكيده انگليسي :

The Effect of Foliar Application of Boron and Putrescine on Fruit Set of Olive Trees Tahere Khalifeh khalifehtahere@yahoo com December 9 2014 Department of Horticulture Science Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisor B Baninasab bbanin@cc iut ac irAbstractOlive is one of the most important fruit crop in Iran and the world Today olive industry in Iran isgrowing rapidly and the consumption of table olives and olive oil is increasing in the country Oneof the most important problems in olive cultivation is poor yield due to abscission of flower andfruits Abscission affects mainly flowers in which the pistils are unable to reach a certain size suggesting that competition for nutrient supply among developing fruits or among the fruits andother active growing regions plays a major role in abscission Boron B application increases fruitset and yield in several fruit and nut crops Foliar B application was effective in trees that showedno obvious vegetative symptoms of B deficiency This suggests that there is a specific requirementfor B in the reproductive process Polyamines natural compounds involved in many plant growthand development processes are ubiquitously present in plant cells Polyamines reduce senescencerates in some plant tissues by antagonism with ethylene Putrescine Put is a common polyaminethat found in every plant cell Putrescine enhanced pollen tube penetration delayed ovulesenescence and increased fruit set Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effect offoliar application of B and Put on pollen germination fruit set yield and fruit quality of olive Inthis regards a research was carried out during the years 2013 2014 at the experimental oliveorchard on the Isfahan University of Technology A factorial experiment 2 5 in a randomizedcomplete block design RCBD with tree replications was used to investigate the effects of variouslevels of acid boric 0 2000 or 4000 mg l 1 and Put 0 5 or 1 0 mM on two olive cultivars Valanolia and Shenge Trees were sprayed twice with chemicals The results showed that B andPut significantly increased the initial secondary and final fruit set compare to control Theapplication of all chemical treatments significantly decreased percentage of shot berry in trees withthe largest decrease in shot berry when 1 0 mM put was applied The highest percentage of pollentube germination was observed in 4000 mg l 1 B and 1 0 mM Put Boron concentration on leaf wasnot affected by application of chemicals However leaf nitrogen concentration was increased by theapplication of Put with the highest increase when 0 5 mM put was applied Flower sexuality notaffected by treatments No changes were observed in the amount of oil in green stage whereas inthe black stage in the concentration of 4000 mg l 1 B and 1 0 mM put had the most significantincrease Olive trees treated by 1 0 mM put showed the highest yield Generally the most effectivetreatments for all traits related to 1 0 mM put and in terms of other attributes between two cultivarswere Vallanolia superior Key words Foliar application boron polyamine putrescine fruit set shot berry pollen graingermination flower sexuality

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اثرات كاربرد برگي بر و پوترسين بر تشكيل ميوه درختان زيتون

پلي آمين , شات بري , جوانه زني دانه گرده , جنسيت گل