اثر استفاده از چند پسماند گياهان دارويي در بستر كشت روي جمعيت پروانه مينوز گوجه فرنگي Tuta absoluta و شته جاليز Aphis gossypii

چكيده انگليسي :

77 Effect of Soil Incorporation of Some Medicinal Plant Wastes on the Population of Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta and Melon Aphid Aphis gossypii Meisam Ghassemi Tudeshkechuei m ghassemi@ag iut ac ir January 13 2016 Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisor Nafiseh Poorjavad npoorjavad@cc iut ac irAbstractConsidering the importance of recycling of agro wastes effects of soil application of several medicinal plantwastes in the tomato and cucumber cultivation were studied on the biological characteristics of the two majortomato and cucumber pests tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta and melon aphid Aphis gossypii In apreliminary experiment seven medicinal plant wastes including artichoke rosemary thyme chamomile nettle fenugreek and caraway were used and wastes with a negative effect on plants growth were excludedfrom the study In the next experiment effects of three levels of wastes 10 20 40 gr 500gr soil wereinvestigated including caraway artichoke chamomile and nettle wastes on tomato and tomato leaf miner andwastes of caraway chamomile and nettle on cucumber and melon aphid Results of assessed plant parametersshowed a significant increase in plant height leaf numbers shoot dry weight and root dry weight of both oftomato and cucumber in all of tested waste treatments than that of control treatment and the highest increasewas observed in plants treated by 40gr nettle 500gr soil The highest amounts of nitrogen potassium phosphor and phenol were observed in plants treated by nettle 40gr 500gr soil and chamomile 40gr 500grsoil To determine the effect of medicinal plant wastes on the tomato leaf miner two different trials choiceand no choice tests were used In the choice test the application of wastes reduced the percentage of infestedleaves to the moth eggs and the mean number of eggs per leaf and the lowest amount was observed in nettle 20 and 40 gr 500gr soil and chamomile 40gr 500gr soil In the no choice experiment the larval mortalityof tomato leaf miner was increased up to 39 28 in nettle waste 40gr 500gr soil In addition the number ofeggs laid per female was reduced 15 in moths reared on plants treated by nettle waste 40gr 500gr soil copared to moths reared on the control plants The effects of tested wastes on the melon aphid population oncucumber plants were studied in three experiments antixenosis antibiosis and tolerance tests Results of theantixenosis test indicated that the numbers of aphids significantly reduced especially after 72 hours on plantstreated by wastes than that of control plants The nymphal development time and the number of nymphs perfemale were not affected by the waste application in the antibiosis test but the total number of nymphs andadult longevity were significantly decreased in treatments compared to the control Based on the results oftolerance experiment cucumber plants treated by medicinal plant wastes were more tolerant to the aphidinfestation than that of control plants and the lowest decrease in root and shoot dry weight and plant heightwere recorded in plants treated with nettle 40gr 500gr soil According to the results it seems that applicationof accurate type and precise amount of medicinal plant wastes in tomato and cucumber growing media byincreasing the plant growth and reducing the herbivorous insect fitness can affect the population of these twoimportant pests Keywords Nettle Antibiosis Pod media Greenhouse cultivation

قاسمي تودشكچويي، ميثم

اثر استفاده از چند پسماند گياهان دارويي در بستر كشت روي جمعيت پروانه مينوز گوجه فرنگي Tuta absoluta و شته جاليز Aphis gossypii

گزنه , آنتي بيوز , كشت گلخانه اي