رده‌بندي مولكولي و ژنتيك حفاظت جبير (Gazella bennettii) در ايران

چكيده انگليسي :

Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics of Chinkara Gazella bennettii in Iran Davoud Fadakar davoudfadakar@gmail com September 16 2020 Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree PhD Language PersianDr Mansoureh Malekian mmalekian@iut ac irDr Mahmoud Reza Hemami mrhemami@iut ac irAbstractChinkara Gazella bennettii occurs from north central Iran through south western Afghanistan andPakistan into western and central India It is adapted to dry steppe and semi arid desert in the south and central Iran Iranian Chinkara was divided into two subspecies based on morphologicalcharacters G b shikarii and G b fuscifrons Previous research also described five species based onthe morphometric evidence which suggested two species from Iran G shikarii and G fuscifrons andthree species from India and Pakistan G bennettii G christyi and G salinarum Until now there isno study on the phylogeny of chinkara and it belongs to the least understood gazelle species of theworld so here the main aims are studying the molecular systematics and conservation genetics ofchinkara In total 81 tissue and 163 fecal samples were collected noninvasively from all Iranianhabitats of chinkara the area is almost 1 million square kilometers in more than 100 days andextracted DNA was amplified using primers L14724 and H15915 or CYTB F and CYTB R tosequence complete cyt b The results of complete cyt b sequences show that haplotypes of Iranianchinkara separated from Indian and Pakistani chinkara Our results provide consistent evidence thatpopulations of chinkara from India and Pakistan and Iran represent distinct monophyletic lineageswhich suggest two sub species of jebeer G fuscifrons in the west of Indus river to Iran andchinkara G bennettii from the east of Indus to central India but nuclear introns are needed toconfirm Divergence time was estimated based on the molecular clock of cyt b which suggested thatPersian gazelle G subgutturosa was split from jebeer G fuscifrons and chinkara G bennettii 1 18 million years ago and the split of chinkara from jebeer dates 887000 years ago Furthermore 59haplotypes 55 in our samples were found in all cyt b sequences and Iranian chinkara haplotypesexperienced range expansion in Iran which is in line with the hypothesis of migration of chinkarafrom Iran to India Furthermore interspecific hybridization increasingly occurs in the course ofanthropogenic actions such as species translocations and introductions and habitat modifications oroccur in sympatric species due to the shortage of conspecific mates Compared to anthropogenicallycaused hybridization natural hybridization is more difficult to prove but both play an important rolein conservation In this study we also detected hybridization of G bennettii adapted to dry areas andG subgutturosa adapted to open plains in five habitat areas where G bennettii naturally occur incentral Iran The hybrids have a nuclear genomic identity based on two introns habitat preference and phenotype of G bennettii but the mitochondrial identity based on cyt b of G subgutturosa Wesuggest that natural hybridization of female G subgutturosa and male G bennettii happened twice incentral Iran in prehistoric times based on the haplotype pattern that we found However we foundindications of recent hybridization between both species under special circumstances e g in breedingcenters due to translocations or in areas of sympatry due to the shortage of conspecific mates Therefore these two species must be kept separately in the breeding centers and introduction of oneof them into the habitat of the other must be strictly avoided MaxEnt modeling results are in line withgenetic results and could be useful in the conservation of this species in Iran Keywords Hybridization molecular phylogeny genetic diversity molecular systematic cytochromeb MaxEnt

فداكار، داود

رده‌بندي مولكولي و ژنتيك حفاظت جبير (Gazella bennettii) در ايران

آميختگي , تبارشناسي مولكولي , تنوع ژنتيكي , رده‌بندي مولكولي , سيتوكروم b , مكسنت