توصيفگر ها :
رواناب شهري , مديريت كيفي , بهترين راهكارهاي مديريت , روش توسعه كم اثر , مدلSWMM
چكيده انگليسي :
In the current situation of the planet and the countries of the world, the importance of providing and accessing water resources is obvious to everyone as the most basic need of human societies. Today, with the growth of population and consequently the development of urbanization, runoff has become a serious problem in the field of urban management; therefore, runoff control and management, both quantitatively and qualitatively, is of special importance. The study area of District 10 of Tehran, which is located in Tehran province, is the most densely populated in the whole city of Tehran in terms of human population and has a variety of land uses, Also, due to its location in a semi-arid climate, it has an average level of rainfall and due to the topography and consequently the hydrographic network of Tehran that all rainfall of the catchment flows in a river system from north to south and thus drained, it has the potential to create high runoff during rainfall and produce high volumes of pollution in receiving water sources. Therefore, the need to control runoff generated by rainfall in both quantitative and qualitative areas is evident in the water receiving points and the sub-basin itself. In this study, climatic data of Mehrabad station has been used for the quantitative part, and the amount of pollution in runoff during precipitation has been measured through concepts such as EM, and quantitative and qualitative models of surface water in Tehranʹs 10th district have been prepared using SWMM software, and the optimal area of Low-impact development (LID) method has been calculated in different parts of the study area and analyzed based on the model. In defining the term optimal area, we can refer to the proposed area for each of the management solutions to achieve factors such as the maximum reduction of total suspended solids (TSS) and heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) at the point of study with the lowest possible cost. To compare, observe and determine the best low-impact development method, the scenario planning method has been used for different situations of placing different types of LIDs in the areas and for rainfalls with a return period of 2, 10, and 50 years, that in different scenarios, three types of the swale, biological retention cells, and permeable pavements were used as LIDs. To verify the accuracy of the model output data, special calibration and validation methods have been examined, such as RMSE and CNS. The results showed that both for estimating the demands of the quantitative part of the research which is controlling and reducing the amount of runoff, and for the qualitative part of the research which is reducing the pollution of qualitative parameters in this study, that the two parameters of TSS and Zn are desired in this study, to achieve both purposes for the 10th district of Tehran, the best LID is the biological retention cell, which in quantitative part decreased run-off by an average of 16.40% more than the other two LIDs, namely permeable pavements and swale, with average rates of 12.28 and 6.63, respectively, and in the qualitative part, for the TSS parameter, it reduced run-off with an average of 20.10 more than the other two LIDs, namely permeable pavements and swale, with average values of 19.14 and 18.40%, respectively, and for the Zn parameter, the biological retention cell rate with the average of 20.70 was more effective than the other two LIDs, namely permeable pavements, and swale, with average rates of 19.45 and 18.22, respectively. Also, the results of calibration and validation sections of the model show a good fit between the simulated and observational data and show that the SWMM model has the required accuracy for urban runoff simulation and can be used for urban runoff management plans and design of urban runoff drainage network in the studied area
