سطح بندي شهرستان هاي استان كرمان براساس جاذبه هاي گردشگري

Nowadays, tourism is one of the most important activities which its impact on the economic, social, cultural, environmental, and political situations changed the human life and it is also considered as one of the industries with the highest profit margins. Kerman province with 23 counties is the biggest province in Iran which is located in southeastern Iran. Also, this province has most Iranian sites (seven sites) in the World Heritage Sites list of UNESCO, including important sites such as Kavir-e Lut (the only Iranian natural site) and Arg-e Bam. The study aimed to classify the counties of Kerman province to identify the most important tourism attractions and also describe indexes and subindexes which affected the tourism in the Kerman province. Tourism attractions were collected from the database of the Kerman Department of Cultural Heritage, Plan and Budget Organization, literature review, and fieldwork. Attractions data were organized and categorized in Access 2013. In total, 447 tourism attractions were identified in Kerman, including Historical-cultural with the most frequent attraction (326), Natural (107), and modern Man-made attractions (14). A questionary was designed to eva‎luate the weight and importance of each index for every option (i.e. the counties of Kerman province). This questionary was filled by seven experts of tourism of Kerman province and they eva‎luated each index in five levels. In the first model, three indexes of Historical-cultural, Natural, and modern Man-made attractions were used. Shannon entropy was used to eva‎luate the importance of index and subindexes in the PROMETHEE. In the second model, another index, i.e. Special attraction was included in the first model to contribute uniqueness, and the national and international importance of special attractions in the classification. The results of the first model show that most of Natural, Historical-cultural, and modern Man-made attractions were in Kerman county (+Phi: 0.7). Based on the results of PROMETHEE I, Rafsanjan (0.3), Bam (0.2), and Sirjan (0.19) were counties with the largest +Phi after Kerman county. PROMETHEE II shows that Kerman county (Net Phi: 0.6938) classified as the first one higher than Rafsanjan (0.268), Bam (0.1713), Sirjan (0.1357), and others (<0.1). In this model, the frequency of tourism attractions was important in the classification. In the second model, Kerman county was also the first in the classifications of the PROMETHEE I and II (+Phi: 0.6169 and Net Phi: 0.6108), higher than Bam (0.3744 and 0.3633), Jiroft (0.1883 and 0.1485), Shehr-e Babak (0.1727 and 0.1122), and other counties (<0.1). The results of the second model show that special attractions are important in the classification of tourism sites, e.g. although Rafsanjan has more tourism attractions in comparison with Bam, it takes a lower rank in classification due to the lack of Special attractions. Therefore, counties such as Bam and Shahr-e Babak get higher rank because of their important World Heritage Sites, including Kavir-e Lut, Qanats, and Arg-e Bam in Bam county, and Meymand Historical Village in Shahr-e Babak. Therefore, Special attraction and frequency of attractions are important in the classification of couties of Kerman province for tourism.

عليرضا سفيانيان

سعيد پورمنافي

حسين بشري، محسن احمدي