Today, due to the reduction of fossil fuel resources, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and the increase in fuel prices, the need to find environmentally sustainable and economically affordable renewable energy sources is more necessary than ever. Lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the processing of agricultural products such as fruit waste that is very cheap, abundant and renewable, and due to its various compounds, it is considered a unique natural resource for large-scale energy production and can also prevents environmental problems and accumulation of these wastes in nature. Following this goal, in the current research, apple pomace has been used as a substrate in the conceptual design of three different scenarios to produce value-added products such as bioethanol, biogas, aceton, butanol and pectin in a biorefinery. First, the apple pomace is crushed and then, in order to break the sugar polymers into simple sugars available to the microorganism, pre-treatment with dilute sulfuric acid has been done. Then, the liquid obtained from pre-treatment is used to produce bioethanol and pectin extraction, and the solid obtained from the pre-treatment stage is used in the first scenario to produce biogas, in the second scenario to produce ABE, and in the third scenario to produce biogas and ABE at the same time. In the next step, the life cycle of each scenario is eva‎luated by Simapro software, and then the results of the eva‎luation and the amount of emissions of pollutants in each scenario are compared with each other. Based on the results of the software in all the comparisons made in the first to third scenarios, 22 impact categories have been identified, among the most important of these categories are global warming, stratospheric ozon depletion, radiation, terrestrial acidification, and freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human ecotoxicity, land use, fossil resource scarcity and water consumption. Also, the results show that the highest amount of destruction on all categories of impacts identified in all three scenarios was related to the pectin extraction stage. In addition, the results of data normalization show that the highest amount of destruction during various processes in all three scenarios, as well as in the overall comparison between the first and third scenarios, is on human health and the least amount of destruction is on resources. It should be noted that according to the results of the weighting chart, the most harmful amounts of destruction have been applied to human health in all three scenarios.

حميد زيلويي

كيخسرو كريمي

محمدهادي جزيني، محسن سليماني