توصيفگر ها :
قارچ دكمه اي سفيد , بازده آب , پيت , بيوچار , خاك پوششي
چكيده انگليسي :
Food is the most basic and important needs of humans since birth, and population growth has caused a greater necesity for its resources. Edible white button mushroom has a special role in the world's food basket due to its high nutritional and economic value and numerous medicinal properties. With having high protein and low fat edible mushroom cultivation is an important dietry global nutritional resource. One of the main issues in mushroom cultivation is its high need for water, because almost 90% of its weight is made up of water. Considering of worldwide water discarsity, increasing the efficiency of water consumption in mushroom production is very important. Also, another required material for the cultivation of edible button mushrooms is the covering soil, which has a direct effect on its size and performance. Covering soil or surface of the bed and plays a key role in stimulating and inducing the development of mycelium in button mushroom production. Peat made of aerated forest soils and wetlands is used as cover soil in mushroom cultivation, and excessive harvesting of these resources causes serious damage to natural resources, which maybe replaced by human waste disposals. The proper and practical use of these wastes will reduce the pressure on the environment, among which the production of biochar from waste is one of the solutions. Biochar is a porous material, rich in carbon and fine-grained, which is obtained by heating organic residues. The use of biochar in the soil improves physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. In this research, the possibility of replacing peat made of sugarcane bagasse beds, spent mushroom bed residues, almond shells and their biochar was investigated. The physical and chemical characteristics of the produced cover soil were compared with the conventional peat bed. This experiment was conducted based on a compound analysis design with three replications for mushrooms and in a completely random design for cover soil in Yekta Sepahan mushroom hall. Also, some biological characteristics of the mushroom were investigated. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the content of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium and sodium elements for the tested treatments. For example, phosphorus elements in the treatment of 5% almond shell to the extent of 99%, calcium in the treatment of biochar bagasse 5% to the extent of 117%, iron in the treatment of biochar bagasse with 5% nitrogen to the extent of 213% and manganese in the treatment of 5% almond biochar to the extent of 227% were increased compared to control treatment. Also, the the yield and percentage of button mushroom juice were significant at 5% and 1% levels, and the yields of the 5% almond shell treatment and the 5% almond shell biochar treatment were 26% and 12%, respectively, compared to the control. The results showed that the tested treatments in the cover soil had significant differences in apparent specific gravity, true specific gravity, water holding capacity, volume percentage of water, percentage of air, percentage of solid particles, hydraulic conductivity and sinking resistance. For example, the hydraulic conductivity in the 10% almond shell treatment increased up to 12% compared to the control. Also, the covering soil treatments had significantly different EC, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium and sodium. The zinc content in the 10% almond shell treatment increased by 215% and the copper element in the 15% bagasse treatment without nitrogen increased by 8% compared to the control.
