Abstract Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, high-performance scaffolds are the basis for the success of a bone tissue engineering strategy, and a major direction in this field is the production of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with desirable shape, structural, physical, chemical, and biological properties for complex tissue regeneration. It is bone and 3D printing technology can produce customized scaffolds. 3D porous scaffolds play an essential role as templates to guide the formation of new tissue. The purpose of this research is to fabricate and eva‎luate polycaprolactone-baghdadite nanocomposite scaffold (PCL/BAG) by melt deposition method (FDM) by 3D printer. Baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) has high bioactive properties and biocompatibility, but it has brittle and brittle properties and high degradability. In this study, the polycaprolactone scaffold was strengthened by Baghdadite to adjust the limitations of polycaprolactone. First, Baghdadite bioactive ceramic was investigated by mechanical activation method, its synthesis and properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) test showed that Baghdadite has a nano structure and the average particle size is in the range of 49 nm. The scanning electron microscope image of Baghdadite nanoparticles showed that the particles are agglomerated and the size of the particles in nano dimensions is approximately spherical. Composite scaffolds with a porous network structure with weight percentages of 0, 15 and 30 were made by 3D printing (melt deposition FDM). Mechanical and biological properties were investigated using pressure test and immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). After immersion in the simulated body fluid, it was found that with the increase in the amount of Baghdadite nanoparticles in the scaffold, the possibility of hydroxyapatite deposition on the surface increased. The samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to eva‎luate the morphology and phase of the samples. After immersion in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for 4 weeks, pure polycaprolactone with 12.3% had the lowest degradation and Baghdadite scaffold with 30% by weight had the highest degradation with 21.5%. Fluorescent microscope images show that with the addition of nanoparticles in the composite, more living cells can be seen on the surface, and the MTS test confirmed the non-toxicity of the printed scaffold. Finally, this research shows that the poly-caprolactone scaffold with an optimal concentration of 30% by weight of Baghdadite can have a potential application in bone tissue engineering.

محمد خدائي