توصيفگر ها :
زنبورداري پايدار , زنبور عسل ايراني , زنبورعسل ايتاليايي , زنبورعسل كارنيولان , زنبورعسل قفقازي , آميخته گري , آميخته ايراني , كارنيولان , آميخته ايراني , ايتاليايي
چكيده انگليسي :
Abstract:
Beekeeping (or apiculture) is one of the oldest occupations in agriculture, which has the most important role in the nature by interfering in the pollination process, increasing crops, and most importantly, protection and restoration of the environment. In addition, honey bees have played an essential role in direct production of hive products such as honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly and are directly profitable for the beekeepers. Regarding to this point that the choice between strains or their suitable hybrid always depends on the conditions of the users as well as their environmental and pasture conditions and, most importantly, the needs of the market, and since the extraction of honey bee products has a high economic value for the beekeeper, therefore selecting the right type of bee that not only has a desirable performance but is also easy to work and causes less trouble for the beekeeper is very important. Considering the ill usage of beekeepers by jobberies in the current situation of the Iranian market, by selling certain breeds as the superior breed, this study has been conducted to inform more to the beekeepers to use different races of honey bee that are compatible with the Iran's ecosystem. The purpose of the current research was to compare the performance of four honey bee races: Iranian honey bee Italian honey bee, Carniolan honey bee, and Caucasian honey bee, and Iranian-Italian and Iranian-Carniolan hybrids. Part of this research was carried out in 2019 in the eastern region of the Isfahan province, Fereydunshahr region, and part of it was carried out in the Bushehr city. In this research, 25 beehives were used for each race or hybrid, and therefore 150 beehives of different races or hybrids were used. The information related to the weight of queens and the day of starting laying eggs, as well as the information pertaining to the production of honey and pollen, have been reported in this study. The results of the honey production performance in the investigated races showed that the average annual honey production in the Iranian-Italian hybrid was higher than other races. Still, in terms of overwintering trait, the Iranian honey bee was superior to others. Therefore, breeders who intend to produce more spring honey are suggested to use Iranian-Carniolan hybrid, Iranian-Italian hybrid, Carniolan, Caucasian, Italian, and lastly, Iranian honey bee races, respectively. Moreover, for those breeders who intend to extract more summer honey, considering that Iran's pastures are mainly covered with Astragalus and all kinds of thorns vegetation, which mostly bloom in the summer, it is suggested to use Iranian-Italian hybrid, Iranian-Carniolan hybrid, Italian, Carniolan, Iranian, and finally Caucasian races respectively. Producers who decide to extract more Ziziphus Spina-Christi honey from the southern pastures of the country are suggested to use an Iranian-Italian hybrid, Iranian race, Iranian-Carniolan hybrid, Italian race, Carniolan race, and finally Caucasian race, respectively. But in general, and especially in using imported races or hybrids, it must be noted that the imported honey bee races are always an acceptable solution but in the short term, because these types of approaches are very expensive methods that also pose important health risks and will bring harm to the honey bee colonies of the country and therefore it is extremely unstable. In addition, the imported honey bees from foreign countries are mostly incompatible with the weather conditions and the beekeeping industry of the country.
