Antibiotics are dangerous pollutants in the environment and because of their unique physical and chemical properties, they are called emerging pollutants. Therefore, choosing the most effective, the least harmful for the environment, and the most economical method for the treatment of polluted water containing non-degradable organic substances are one of the most important challenges in the world today. The photocatalytic process, which is one of the green processes and one of the advanced oxidation processes, can be a good choice for wastewater treatment. Considering that one of the major challenges in this process of designing and achieving a high-efficiency photocatalyst is under the influence of free sunlight, in this research, the three magnetic nanocomposites graphitic carbon nitride- cobalt ferrite- zinc oxide were synthesized and characterized and were investigated their application of photocatalytic degradation of the pharmaceutical pollutant penicillin G in pharmaceutical effluents. Cobalt ferrite and zinc oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel method and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and graphitic carbon nitride-cobalt ferrite-zinc oxide nanocomposites in several zinc oxide weight percent combinations, produced using a simple thermal method. Structural and chemical characteristics their physical, morphological and optical properties were investigated and compared by powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field-emission scanning and transmission electron microscope (FE-SEM & TEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Photoluminescence (PL), and Raman tests. In the solar photocatalyst process of this magnetic nanocomposite, the effects of pollutant concentration, initial pH, irradiation time, and zinc oxide ratio in nanocomposites have been studied. Also, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the samples against the penicillin G antibiotic was eva‎luated. The results of the Penicillin G degradation tests showed that the Penicillin G degradation is performed well in an acidic environment, so under the same conditions, with a decrease in pH from 9 to 5 in the nanocomposite with 33.33% zinc oxide, the degradation efficiency increase from 47% to 74%. Also, the degradation efficiency of penicillin G in two other nanocomposites with 16.66% and 50% of zinc oxide under optimal conditions (pH=5, penicillin G concentration 10 ppm and irradiation time 120 minutes) is equal to 52% and 60%, respectively. The results show that the nanocomposite with a ratio of 33.33% of zinc oxide has a higher efficiency in the degradation of penicillin G than the other two nanocomposites.

فاطمه داور

سياوش كاظمي موحد , اكبر حجتي نجف آبادي

بهرام يداللهي , حسن حداد زاده , علي حسين كيانفر