مطالعه تجربي‌ اثر تمركز تابش خورشيدي بر عملكرد و راندمان پنل‌هاي فتوولتائيك

In contemporary times, the remarkable surge in human necessity for diverse forms of energy, particularly electricity, is attributable to an expanding population and increased utilization of various technologies and electricity across multiple aspects of human life. Concurrently, due to escalating concerns about environmental pollution and global warming, predominantly caused by excessive usage of non-renewable energy sources, there has been a heightened interest in harnessing renewable energies which are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Among these renewable energy sources, the endless and readily accessible energy provided by the sun has gained considerable attention. Photovoltaic systems, capable of converting solar energy directly into electricity over an extended lifespan without generating noise, pollution, or causing environmental damage, and moreover, offering high reliability, have thus assumed significant importance. Consequently, considerable efforts have been expended worldwide in recent years to improve the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic systems. Researchers have endeavored to enhance the efficiency and power output of these systems in order to reduce the cost of electricity generation, thus transforming photovoltaic systems into a viable alternative for future electricity production. Therefore, this study strives to improve the performance of photovoltaic systems through necessary modifications and suitable device design, thereby facilitating enhanced system efficiency. By investigating, eva‎luating, and improving the two parameters of irradiance intensity and photovoltaic panel temperature, which are highly influential on the efficiency and power of photovoltaic panels, an attempt has been made to augment the system's efficiency. In essence, the effects of these two parameters are such that an increase in light irradiance intensity boosts the system's output current, thereby improving the photovoltaic system's efficiency. Conversely, by preventing an increase in the photovoltaic panel's temperature and cooling the panel, the potential difference can be increased, resulting in enhanced panel efficiency. As part of the conducted experiment for this research, sunlight has been concentrated using a parabolic concentrator, resulting in an approximate 2.5 times increase in solar irradiance intensity, thereby enhancing the system's output current by about 1.7 times. Additionally, a cooling system was employed to prevent an increase in the photovoltaic panel's temperature due to intense irradiation. In the designed cooling system, the photovoltaic panel was immersed in a solution of pure methanol, which is cooled using a reflux condenser, thus preventing an increase in the photovoltaic system's temperature. Due to the employed cooling process, the potential difference and efficiency of the photovoltaic panel have increased. In summary, in the device used in this experiment, with the help of the designed concentrator and cooling system, both the irradiance intensity has been increased and the temperature rise has been prevented. Ultimately, with the simultaneous increase in the system's output current and potential difference, the photovoltaic system's efficiency has been noticeably enhanced, becoming approximately 1.8 times greater than in normal conditions. During these experiments, various aspects such as the effect of changes in irradiance intensity on the photovoltaic system due to different thicknesses of glass, air, and methanol layers placed on the photovoltaic panel, as well as the effect of temperature changes on the photovoltaic system due to the cooling provided by methanol and air, were investigated and eva‎luated.

علي اكبر عالم رجبي , محسن ثقفيان

رامين كوهي كمالي , محمدرضا توكلي نژاد