توصيفگر ها :
آزمون من كمدال و شيب سن , پايش آبهاي سطحي , سري لندست , گوگل ارث انجين , NDWI
چكيده انگليسي :
The surface water area has undergone changes in recent years due to environmental and human factors. Identifying and mapping surface water areas, as well as monitoring them, enable executive bodies to recognize changes in various regions and prioritize critical areas for action using maps and other relevant outputs. To achieve this goal, these organizations should utilize specialized software for satellite image processing. However, it's important to note that executive departments with less familiarity with remote sensing sciences and associated software may underutilize the capabilities of this technology. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide user-friendly and practical software called surfacewater monitoring software (SMS) for utilizing satellite data in surface water resource management. Based on this, long-term changes in the status of surface waters in Isfahan province were examined between the years 1972 -2022 (1351-1401 solar calendar). In this study, the NDWI index was extracted from TM, ETM+ and OLI satellite images using javascript coding in the google earth engine (GEE) platform and validated using overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient. All processing was conducted within this system using javascript coding in the code editor environment. Non-parametric statistical methods, including mann- Kendall’s and sen's slope tests, were employed in R Studio software and the trend package to analyze the changes in surface waters across the counties. The trend change patterns were visualized in excel. Validation results indicated that the NDWI index extracted from TM, ETM+ and OLI sensors had overall accuracies and kappa coefficients of 85% and 0.81, 89% and 0.85, and 96% and 0.92, respectively. NDWI analysis revealed that in several counties, including Aran and bidgol, Isfahan, Bouin and miandasht, Jarqoieh, Chadegan, Khomeyni shahr, Dehaghan, Semirom, Fereidan, Fereydun shahr, Falavarjan, Kashan, Koohpayeh, Lenjan, Naein, Natanz, Varzaneh, and Harand, the surface water area has decreased, showing a negative trend. Overall, the results suggest that surface water resources in most areas of the province are declining, and in the future, the situation of surface waters at the provincial level may become even more critical. The development and implementation of SMS software based on the NDWI index have shown that this simple yet highly practical software can generate surface water maps for selected counties, overlay them on satellite images, and provide histograms of different classes of surface water levels and tabular reports of surface water areas in hectares and percentages in various parts of the respective county. The findings of this research can serve as valuable input for relevant authorities in various sectors, especially the ministry of energy and the environmental protection organization, to improve the status of surface water resources in the province through planning and decision-making.
