The world's water scarcity has led to the emergence of treatment technologies for the reuse of wastewater. Wastewater is a good source of recoverable water. Membrane processes have become one of the common and necessary steps in wastewater treatment due to their desirable properties, which have undergone many changes and improvements in recent years. One of the most important types of these membrane processes can be called Ultrafiltration, which is widely used to remove various pollutants. Among the many options available for choosing the type of fibers, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane is a reliable choice due to its physical and chemical properties; However, due to the hydrophobic nature of this material, it faces disadvantages such as low permeability and high sedimentation and fouling. Although, to overcome this challenge, it is possible to use different methods of modifying the mass and surface of the membrane with new methods and advanced additives to strengthen the hydrophilic properties. The surface modification method with chemical bonding will have good results in reducing the fouling phenomenon due to the creation of more hydrophilic surfaces with long stability. Two-dimensional titanium carbide nanoplates are extremely hydrophilic with special properties as desired modifiers, which have received special attention for water and wastewater treatment today. In this research, the surface of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes was modified by Ti3C2 hydrophilic nanoplates and used for water and wastewater treatment. MXene (Ti3C2) was synthesized by HF and Insitu methods. Achieving success in this case, in this case, the confirmation of the structure was eva‎luated with different characterization methods such as FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD and DLS tests. Next, polyvinylidene fluoride membranes were made by changing the polymer mass (molecular weight of polyethylene glycol) and coagulation bath conditions (coagulation bath containing solvent and pure water) and with the help of characterization tests such as contact angle, SEM, porosity and operational tests such as pure water flux and Fouling were examined. After selecting the optimal option in terms of the rate of increase in net water flux (the highest amount of net water flux for this group of membranes was reported as 292 kg/m2.hr), chemical surface modification by adding the silane agent (3-chloropropyl) triethoxysilane as an intermediate linker and after placing the hydroxyl functional groups and then the final interaction with MXene took place. The correctness of this process was confirmed according to the results obtained by ATR-FTIR and EDX, water contact angles and AFM, and FESEM, porosity, MWCO and operational tests such as pure water flux, anti-fouling properties were also eva‎luated. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in the hydrophilicity of the membranes modified by adding Ti3C2 nanoplates (from 110 to 52 degrees) and the increase in the membrane flux recovery ratio after surface modification (from 51% to 75%) indicates the improvement of the anti-fouling properties of the membranes. The net water flux from the modified membrane has increased from 292 to 307 L/m2.hr. Also, the performance test of operational conditions in the real environment and with urban wastewater feed also shows the remarkable performance of turbidity removal from 76% to 84%, COD removal from 51% to 62%, TSS removal from 73% to 92% and the recovery rate of wastewater flux from increased from 73% to 91% in raw and modified Ti3C2 membranes, respectively.

مرتضي صادقي

سياوش ادهمي

سهيل ضرغامي , افسانه فخار