Abstract In our world, due to industrial and civil developments, the demand for fuels is increasing day by day, and the largest and most economical sources of the fuels are fossil fuels. However, due to the crisis of non-renewable fossil fuels and their high pollution, the global community is looking for suitable and economical fuels. Meanwhile, the best renewable fuel is known as biodiesel fuels. Sources of biodiesel fuel production are available and also have much less pollution than fossil fuels. Among the plants with non-edible oil seeds, castor seed has received much attention due to its easy cultivation conditions and high resistance against harsh climatic conditions. Direct use of biodiesel fuel is not possible due to wear of fuel pump components, slow evaporation and low injection angle. As a result, these problems are greatly reduced by combining diesel and biodiesel. Also, to improve the fuel features, including increasing cetane index, reducing ignition delay point, reducing greenhouse gases, reducing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and increasing brake thermal efficiency (BTE), additive nanoparticles are used. in this research, biodiesel fuel was produced through the transesterification method (the process of converting triglycerides into esters). Pure biodiesel and diesel fuel were then combined at a ratio of 20 to 80 (percentage by volume (v/v)) and named as B20 fuel. Next, the nanoparticles of zirconium(IV) oxide (ZrO2), ferrocene, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were used to modify the characteristics of B20 fuel. Then, different techniques including FE-SEM, EDX, ATR-IR, and XRD were used to investigate the structure, size, and shape of the nanoparticles. In addition, B20 fuels modified with different nanoparticles were eva‎luated separately in the fuel quality control laboratory to determine the fuel parameters including acid number, viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point, flash point, cetane index, ash number, and water content. Then, the produced fuels were eva‎luated in the diesel engine laboratory for performance and special parameters of the diesel engine, including BSFC, BTE, released thermal energy, fuel brake power, and fuel consumption flow rate. Finally, the results of various tests showed that B20 fuels containing different nanoparticles can possess a significant positive impact on the characteristics of diesel fuel, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, B20 fuels containing different nanoparticles can be a suitable candidate as an effective diesel supplement or as a substitute for fossil fuels in various industries. Keywords: Fossil Fuel, Diesel, Biodiesel, Ferrocene, Zirconium (IV) Oxide, Graphite Carbon Nitride, Fuel supplement

حسن حداد زاده , مهدي بازرگاني پور

پرستو كشتي‌آرا

عليرضا نجفي چرمهيني , حسين فرخ پور