Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that our bodies need for the growth and strength of bones. It prevents issues like osteoporosis by regulating calcium and phosphorus balance, enhancing absorption from the intestines, and reducing excretion through the kidneys. Insufficient calcium can also lead to bone softness in both children and adults. This study aimed to investigate the production of a calcium and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) enriched jelly snack for children using a 3D printer. Initially, jelly molds were designed in nine formulations with 75%, 50%, and 25% IU of vitamin D3, and 0.9%, 0.6%, and 0.3% calcium, alongside a control sample (jelly without vitamin D3 and calcium). Chemical tests (moisture, acidity, water holding capacity, ash, and Brix) and sensory characteristics (aroma, taste, color, texture, stickiness, and overall acceptability) were conducted to select the optimal formulation, using a completely randomized design. Results indicated that different concentrations of vitamin D3 had no significant effect on moisture, acidity, water holding capacity, ash, and Brix compared to the control sample. However, varying calcium concentrations had a significant impact on moisture reduction, acidity increase, water holding capacity decrease, and Brix increase. The overall acceptability score of the enriched jellies significantly differed from the control sample. It was concluded that 0.6% calcium and 50% IU of vitamin D3 positively influenced sensory characteristics in the jelly formulation. Subsequently, for structured jelly production using a 3D printer, conditions were optimized based on response surface methodology: 36.5 mL/h pump speed, 5.5 mm/s printer nozzle speed, and 1.6 mm distance from the collector to the nozzle. The printed jelly improved textural factors, and the study confirmed no physicochemical damage during the printing process. Sensory eva‎luation results indicated a noticeable improvement in firmness and texture of the printed jelly, leading to higher texture and stickiness scores from assessors. Thus, the valuable properties of 3D printing can be utilized to produce structured jellies enriched with sensory, textural, and stability properties similar to mold jelly for use in the diets of children and the elderly.

ناصر همدمي , زهرا امام جمعه

اميرحسين گلي , امين اله معصومي