Gait is one of the fundamental human movements significantly affecting individuals' quality of life and daily activities. This complex motion results from precise and continuous coordination among muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems. To gain a deeper understanding of this complicated process, modeling and simulation of the musculoskeletal system are utilized as effective tools. Musculoskeletal models facilitate the analysis of various movement mechanisms, including the effects of forces, torques, and muscle activity. Due to the inherent redundancy in neuromuscular system, often referred to as muscle redundancy, multiple combinations of muscle activations can lead to a specific movement. The muscle redundancy is tackled by optimizing the solution with respect to a certain cost function. In this his research we employ an advanced musculoskeletal model in the sagittal plane. Using this model, the gait was first simulated using experimental data from natural human gait. Additionally, to analyze joint forces more accurately, a mathematical model for the ground was designed to compute ground reaction forces at each moment of the gait cycle. The optimization process aimed to reduce forces on the knee and hip joints while eva‎luating the impact of this reduction on muscle activity levels. Furthermore, using eight key parameters related to gait design, gait was examined in three different states: natural walking, walking with bent knees, and walking with more extended knees than normal. Results indicated that optimization outcomes aligned with muscle activity patterns from normal gait experimental data. It was also observed that the activity level of the Gastrocnemius muscle has a direct relationship with knee axial forces, while reduced thigh muscle activity decreases axial forces at this joint. Regarding gait patterns, it was noted that greater knee flexion during walking significantly increases axial forces on the knee, leading to substantial pressure on it.

جلال ذهبي , مرضيه مجدراصيل

احسان روحاني , امير اخوان بي تقصير