ساخت و مشخصه‌‌يابي سازه نانوليفي حاوي پلي‌‌پيرول جهت كاربرد به عنوان حسگرزيستي تشخيص سرطان

Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, has always deman‎ded the development of rapid, non-invasive, an‎d accurate diagnostic methods. Among various types of cancer, melanoma holds particular significance due to its high rate of progression an‎d strong metastatic potential. One of the most effective strategies for early detection of melanoma is the use of electrochemical biosensors, which have gained prominence in modern research thanks to their high sensitivity, good selec‎tivity, an‎d operational simplicity.In this study, with the aim of constructing an efficient electrochemical biosensor for the detection of the enzyme tyrosinase (Tyr), a nanofibrous scaffold based on polyamide 6 (PA6) an‎d polypyrrole (PPy) was designed an‎d fabricated. To investigate the effect of specific surface area on biosensor performance, nanofibers with two different structural alignments (ran‎dom an‎d aligned) were produced by varying the rotating drum speed during the electrospinning process. Subsequently, the nanofiber surfaces were coated with pyrrole monomer (Py) through chemical polymerization in the presence of two different dopants: sodium p-toluenesulfonate (NaPTS) an‎d lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄).To further functionalize the conductive nanofiber surfaces an‎d immobilize dopamine (DA), two chemical agents, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) an‎d glutaraldehyde (GA) were employed. The oxidative current response of DA in the presence of the enzyme Tyr was then eva‎luated using chronoamperometric (CA) measurements.Comprehensive characterization of the fabricated structures was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-point probe surface resistivity measurements, contact angle measurements (CAM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), an‎d electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) an‎d chronoamperometry (CA).Notably, the biosensor’s performance was eva‎luated in both interstitial fluid (ISF) an‎d human serum. The biosensor showed a linear response to Tyr in the range of 0.1–0.9 mg/mL. In ISF, LOD values were 0.13 mg/mL (ran‎dom) an‎d 0.03 mg/mL (aligned), with sensitivities of 45.30 an‎d 95.97 µA.mg⁻¹.mL.cm⁻², respectively. In human serum, LODs were 0.047 an‎d 0.029 mg/mL, an‎d sensitivities were 36.17 an‎d 76.60 µA.mg⁻¹.mL.cm⁻², respectively. These findings confirm that aligned nanofibers, due to their higher active surface area an‎d improved structural organization, significantly enhance biosensor performance in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, an‎d stability. This approach offers a promising pathway for the development of rapid, low-cost, an‎d non-invasive diagnostic tools for melanoma detection. Keywords: Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers, Polypyrrole (PPy), Electrochemical biosensors, Amperometry, Tyrosinase, Skin cancer (melanoma)

داريوش سمناني , حسين فشندي

علي اصغر انصافي , عليرضا صنعتي

محمد رفيعي نيا , محسن مومني , فرزانه عليحسيني , افسانه ولي پوري