Beta-glucan is a compound with numerous an‎d valuable applications, commonly found in the cell walls of fungi, bacteria, an‎d yeasts. In the food industry, it can serve as a prebiotic. This compound traps water an‎d fat within its networks an‎d plays a significant role in texture modification. The aim of this project is to identify optimal characteristics for isolating beta-glucan from the waste of the edible button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, an‎d to investigate its prebiotic properties. To achieve this goal, three extraction methods (aqueous, ultrasonic, an‎d acidic) were employed in this thesis. Initially, the waste from the button mushroom was obtained from Diamond Mushroom Company, washed, dried, crushed, an‎d then passed through a 30 mesh sieve. In all three extraction methods, colored compounds, fats, an‎d free sugars were first removed using 80% ethanol. After that, the material was dried at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, for aqueous extraction, the prepared sample powder was subjected to conditions of temperature (80, 90, an‎d 100 degrees Celsius), time (2, 3, an‎d 4 hours), an‎d stirring speed (60, 80, an‎d 100 revolutions per minute) in a ratio of 1:3. To optimize the extraction conditions of beta-glucan using an ultrasonic device, the conditions of temperature (40, 50, an‎d 60 degrees Celsius), time (20, 30, an‎d 40 minutes), an‎d power (100, 150, an‎d 200 watts) were applied. For acid extraction, the prepared sample powder was subjected to temperatures of (20, 30, an‎d 40 degrees Celsius), times of (4, 5, an‎d 6 hours), an‎d HCl concentrations (2.8%, 3.8%, an‎d 4.8%). The extraction yield in all three extraction methods (aqueous, ultrasonic, an‎d acid) was examined with 27 samples, each with three repetitions. The results showed that the best conditions for aqueous extraction were at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, a time of 3 hours, an‎d a stirring speed of 80 revolutions per minute, yielding 3.12%. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic extraction were found to be at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius, a time of 40 minutes, an‎d a power of 100 watts, yielding 5.88%. The best conditions for acid extraction were at a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius, a duration of 5 hours, an‎d a concentration of 3.8%, yielding 7.06%. The extracted beta-glucan was identified using the methods mentioned through the Concord method. Subsequently, the prebiotic characteristics of the extracted compound were examined. The findings indicated that the used edible mushroom waste is a very good source for extracting beta-glucan. Acidic extraction of beta-glucan showed a higher yield compared to the other two methods. The beta-glucan extracted using the ultrasonic method exhibited better prebiotic properties due to the preservation of its structure.

صبيحه سليمانيان زاد

نفيسه سلطاني زاده , مهدي قريشي