Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with conventional treatments like chemotherapy often limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance, an‎d damage to healthy tissues. These challenges highlight the urgent need for more targeted an‎d effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue, particularly the use of inorganic nanoparticles as drug carriers to enhance the precision an‎d efficacy of chemotherapy. Among these, cobalt sulfide nanoparticles have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, enhanced solubility, an‎d potential for targeted drug delivery. In this study, Co1-xS nanoparticles were synthesized via the solvothermal method, which involves dissolving cobalt an‎d sulfur salts in ethanol an‎d applying high temperature an‎d pressure in a sealed system. To improve drug delivery performance, the nanoparticles were coated with chitosan—a biocompatible an‎d biodegradable polymer with functional groups conducive to drug loading. Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, was then loaded onto the Co1-xS@Chi–NaTPP nanoparticles. An optimal drug concentration of 0.8 mg/mL was identified. The release profile of DOX was eva‎luated under different pH conditions, revealing a cumulative release of 63% at pH=5.5 after 24 hours—reflecting the acidic tumor microenvironment an‎d confirming the system’s pH-responsive behavior. These findings underscore the potential of nanoparticle-based nanocarriers to enhance the specificity an‎d safety of cancer treatments, offering a promising step toward more effective an‎d less toxic chemotherapy options.

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