This study presents a detailed numerical investigation of surfactant flooding as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in a heterogeneous oil reservoir using ECLIPSE 100. The main objective is to eva‎luate the influence of key parameters—including oil viscosity, surfactant concentration, interfacial tension (IFT), well placement, aquifer support, an‎d viscous fingering—on oil recovery performance. A three-layered base reservoir model was developed, an‎d multiple simulation scenarios were conducted to isolate the effects of each parameter. The study investigated: (1) the impact of oil viscosity on displacement stability an‎d recovery efficiency, (2) the role of surfactant injection an‎d IFT reduction in mobilizing trapped oil, (3) the development an‎d mitigation of viscous fingering, (4) the effect of injection–production well configuration, (5) the contribution of aquifer support, an‎d (6) the influence of surfactant concentration on recovery. The results indicate that lower oil viscosity an‎d higher surfactant concentrations significantly improve displacement stability an‎d ultimate recovery. Ultra-low IFT conditions enhance microscopic displacement, suppress fingering, an‎d promote uniform sweep, while optimized well placement an‎d aquifer support further increase recovery efficiency. Overall, the study demonstrates that careful optimization of these parameters is essential for effective surfactant flooding, providing valuable guidance for future field applications an‎d chemical EOR design in heterogeneous reservoirs.

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محسن محمدي , روح اله هاشمي