This study presents an environmentally friendly an‎d efficient analytical system for the determination of atrazine, simazine, an‎d propazine herbicides in environmental water samples, including river water an‎d sewage. The proposed method combines dispersive solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography for sensitive an‎d reliable detection. A novel carbon adsorbent was synthesized through a one-step process, using cigarette butts as an inexpensive an‎d readily available cellulose-based waste material serving as the carbon source. Aluminum nitrate an‎d ferrous acetate were incorporated as porosity-inducing agents to develop a highly porous structure. The synthesis was achieved via the microexplosion of bimetallic salts, resulting in a material with enhanced porosity an‎d a large active surface area. Under the optimized conditions, the linear dynamic ranges were 0.48–800 μg/L for propazine, 0.57–800 μg/L for atrazine, an‎d 0.31–800 μg/L for simazine, with detection limits of 0.14, 0.17, an‎d 0.09 μg/L, respectively. The intra-day an‎d inter-day relative stan‎dard deviations (RSDs) were less than 5%. To eva‎luate practical applicability, environmental samples of river water an‎d sewage were analyzed. The recoveries of atrazine, simazine, an‎d propazine were within satisfactory ranges, demonstrating that the developed method provides a cost-effective, sustainable, an‎d efficient approach for monitoring triazine herbicides in environmental samples

محمد سراجي

محمد تقي جعفري , نفيسه فهيمي كاشاني