Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) represents one of the most critical complications in diabetic patients, posing a major healthcare challenge due to its prolonged healing process, risk of infection, an‎d potential amputation. Consequently, the development of innovative technologies for continuous wound monitoring an‎d enhanced healing is of paramount importance. This study aimed to design an‎d fabricate an intelligent system based on a pH sensor an‎d textile electrodes for delivering electrical stimulation. In the initial phase, textile electrodes were manufactured using conductive yarns via weft knitting technology. Impedance measurements demonstrated that these electrodes, particularly under moist conditions, exhibited favorable contact resistance an‎d enabled uniform current distribution. Subsequently, pH monitoring sensors were developed based on polyaniline, employing various electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry analyses indicated that sensors fabricated with a higher number of cycles exhibited superior sensitivity an‎d stability, accurately monitoring the pH range relevant to wound environments (4 to 9). Tests conducted in buffered media containing blood an‎d real wound samples confirmed the clinical applicability of these sensors. The custom-designed electronic board in this system enabled the application of electrical stimulation with various waveform patterns. Based on prior studies an‎d experimental results, a square wave pulse with a frequency of 100 Hz, 50% duty cycle, an‎d 20 V amplitude was selec‎ted an‎d applied for 20 minutes on alternating days. The results indicated a significant acceleration in the healing process within the treatment (control) group compared to the control group, with a mean reduction in wound area reaching 89.25% in the treatment group, achieved in fewer therapeutic sessions. In conclusion, integrating a pH sensor with textile-based electrodes for electrical stimulation presents an innovative an‎d effective approach for managing diabetic foot ulcers. This system not only facilitates real-time wound status monitoring but also serves as a therapeutic tool to expedite the healing process. The outcomes of this research could pave the way for the development of next-generation smart wearable technologies in chronic wound management an‎d regenerative medicine.

محسن شنبه , اسماعيل حيدري

فرزين خوروش , مهدي شهبازي آزاد

داريوش سمناني , وحيد عبادي