ارائه برنامه بهينه مديريت آبياري و كود نيتروژني سيب‌زميني رقم فابولا با استفاده از مدل SUBSTOR-Potato در شهرستان سميرم

Potato is one of the strategic agricultural crops an‎d plays an important role in ensuring food security. Given the limitations of water resources an‎d the need for efficient input management, this study aimed to develop an optimal irrigation an‎d nitrogen fertilization strategy for the Fabula potato cultivar in Semirom County using the SUBSTOR Potato model. The study was conducted over two growing seasons in 2022 an‎d 2023 in the Hormozabad plain of Semirom, which is characterized by a semi-arid climate. Meteorological, soil, planting, crop management, harvest, an‎d plant growth data were collected. Different irrigation scenarios were simulated, including irrigation levels equivalent to 0.7 to 1.1 times the crop water requirement as well as the conventional irrigation practice of the region. Nitrogen fertilization scenarios included application levels equivalent to 0.1 to 1.1 times the recommended nitrogen rate reported in reference sources, along with the conventional fertilization practice of the study area. The results showed that historical climate data, despite differences in the absolute values of some temperature variables particularly minimum temperature, were reliable in representing thermal trends during the potato growing season an‎d in simulating crop yield using the SUBSTOR Potato model. Comparison of simulated yields for the 2022 an‎d 2023 seasons indicated that yield differences resulting from the use of station-based an‎d historical climate data were small an‎d not statistically significant. The twenty-year analysis of irrigation an‎d nitrogen treatments demonstrated that water availability was the main controlling factor of potato yield. Under low irrigation levels, crop response to nitrogen was limited, whereas increasing irrigation substantially enhanced yield response to nitrogen application. The highest yields were obtained under high irrigation levels combined with high nitrogen application rates, while conventional regional management practices showed lower mean yield an‎d stability compared with proportional, deman‎d-based treatments. Analysis of productivity indices indicated that the highest physical water productivity an‎d the highest economic water productivity were achieved under high irrigation combined with high nitrogen levels, whereas the highest nitrogen productivity occurred under low nitrogen application combined with adequate irrigation. Overall, the results indicate that coordinated an‎d deman‎d-based management of irrigation an‎d nitrogen can simultaneously improve yield, resource use efficiency, an‎d economic performance of potato production under the climatic conditions of Semirom.

مهدي قيصري

محبوبه قبادي

محمدمهدي متين زاده , حميدرضا عشقي زاده