abundance of agricultural by-products have been used to feed dairy and beef cattle in Taiwan, in order to reduce the cost of livestock production. Most farmers are not concerned about the nutrient value of agricultural by-prodcts. They need to be educated on how to utilize by-products properly. Research to improve techniques of preservation and the efficiency of utilization of agricultural by-products also needs to be carried out. In future, extension will be directed toward the establishment of agricultural by-product supply centers, and adjusting formulas for feeding rations which will include indigenous feed resources in Taiwan.