تاثير آبياري ناقص ريشه بر رشد و عملكرد درختان بالغ زيتون

چكيده انگليسي :

Effect of Partial Root Zone Drying PRD on Growth and Yield of Mature Olive Trees Mina Ruhandeh m ruhandeh@ag iut ac ir January 4 2016 Department of Water Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisor Mahdi Gheysari Assist Proff gheysari@cc iutac irAbstractWater is one of the most important resources for human demands and due to fresh water scarcity itsefficient consumption is one the most important challenges in present century In agriculture efficient useof water and modern irrigation methods is required Two management methods including regulateddeficit irrigation RDI and partial root zone drying PRD increase the water use efficiency The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation by PRD method on the growth of mature olivetrees and to evaluate irrigation water use efficiency IWUE of PRD and RDI methods Treatments of theexperiment were consisted of three levels of deficit irrigation levels and three deficit irrigationmanagement and the study was conducted using a factorial randomized complete block design with threereplications and each replication was consisted of three trees for two years Irrigation treatments were100 75 and 50 of the crop evapotranspiration ETc S1 S2 and S3 respectively and irrigationmanagement levels consisted of three levels including regular deficit irrigation M1 and two irrigationmanagement by PRD including switching over wet and dry every 9 days M2 and every 18 days M3 with irrigation applied once is three days The olive tree evapotranspiration ETc was calculated usingmeteorological data the FAO Penman Monteith equation and olive crop coefficient Annual shootlength number of annual shoot branches and leaf relative water content were measured in growingperiod and at the end of the growing period the fruit index was measured The effect of irrigationmanagement and stress levels on the growth factor was significant at 5 and 1 levels respectively PRDmanagement significantly reduced growth branches compared to regular deficit irrigation Increment ofwater stress level and air temperature reduced the leaf relative water content Relative water content inPRD management was significantly more than normal irrigation Effect of different levels of water stresson yield fresh weight dry weight and fruit volume and on the average diameter of the geometric andarithmetic was significant There was significant difference in yield fresh weight dry weight fruitvolume and average diameter of the geometric and arithmetic between all irrigation managements TheM3 increased fruit yield as much as 32 compared to M1 The maximum and the minimum yield pertree was 11 355 and 4 583 for treatments M3S1 and M1S3 respectively The maximum and the minimumof IWUE were 1 53 kg m3 and 0 95 kg m3 for treatments M3S2 and M1S1 respectively The IWUE valuesin management strategies of M2 and M3 increased 22 and 26 respectively compared to M1 managementstrategy Therefore Partial root zone drying management increased IWUE compared to regular deficitirrigation Overall regular deficit irrigation management and 0 5 ETc level of irrigation supply 50 ofevapotranspiration for olive tree to maintain landscape and partial root zone drying management at 0 75ETc level of irrigation for economic production supply 75 of evapotranspiration is recommend Keywords deficit irrigation partial root zone drying olive yield irrigation water useefficiency

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تاثير آبياري ناقص ريشه بر رشد و عملكرد درختان بالغ زيتون

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