Various pathogens attack wheat plants under different conditions, where humidity and temperature are the most important factors for disease development in the plant. Among these pathogens, rusts (Puccinia spp.) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) are very important in Iran and the world, and if not controlled, they can lead to severe losses. The best way to deal with the disease is to use resistant cultivars that requires the identification of the genotypes carrying disease-resistant genes. The use of molecular markers is the most accurate way to identify sources of disease resistance. Here in this research, some genes involved in the resistance to brown/ leaf rust (P. triticina), black/ stem rust (P. graminis) and yellow/ glume rust (P. striiformis) were investigated in 192 genotypes including 79 commercial cultivars from four climates in the country, 25 differential cultivars, 40 cultivars obtained from the International Center for Wheat and Maize in Mexico (CIMMYT) and 48 agilops accessions collected from Iran. The presence of Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 gene loci was confirmed in 29 genotypes, Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 in 32 genotypes and Sr36 in 17 genotypes. The Sr24/Lr24, Sr26, Sr31/Yr9/Lr26 and Sr38/Yr17/Lr37 gene loci were not present in the studied germplasm. The study of the genetic diversity of 79 commercial wheat cultivars with SRAP, SCOT and ISSR markers showed that the frequency of leaf rust resistance genes in commercial wheat cultivars was higher than agilops, however, black rust resistance genes were more frequent in agilops. The drawing phylogenetic tree and grouping of commercial wheat cultivars based on the presence of both Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 gene loci using two markers CaSLV4 and CaSLV12, and Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39 gene locus showed that among these cultivars only two genotypes of Zare and Moghan 2 in The groups were located. The study of genetic diversity of wheat cultivars showed that the studied wheat genotypes are divided into three groups. Further study indicated that the genotypes in a group were climatically grown in a similar district. Another aim of the studying the diversity of commercial wheat cultivars was to eva‎luate the differentiation potential of the markers and based on the obtained results, the markers did not have enough strength to differentiate these genotypes.

رحيم مهرابي ، بدرالدين ابراهيم سيد طباطبايي

ناصر محمدي ، حجت اله سعيدي

مجيد طالبي، امير مساح