Abstract Pandemics have wide and varied social, political and economic effects on societies and the health of societies. The higher levels of social bonds and community connectedness would enhance individuals’ and communities’ ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from a crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determining the effect of the COVID-19 disease crisis on the social capital of rural households. Descriptive-analytical research method and research data were collected through a questionnaire during the 2020-2022 years in the Qir and Karzin Township in Fars provice in Iran. The validity of the questionnaire content was confirmed by the specialists and for reliability the Cronbach Alpha coefficient (more than 0.75) was used which indicated the reliability of the measure device. The statistical sample research was determined by Cochran formula (n=251) rural households. The results show that the 90% of the respondents have been injured in some way due to COVID-19. Most of the respondents (87%) eva‎luated the financial support of the government during the COVID-19 era as insufficient. The use of ICT (44%) as well as health services at the village level (56%) has increased during the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the result of research showed that, 86% of the changes in dependent variables (social capital after the COVID-19 crisis) are influenced by variables such as: institutional infrastructure, level of government economic support, level of social welfare, level of ICT use, education level and level of facilities in the health center. The results of the research emphasize that not only the financial and economic support (without educational-cultural supports) of the government to the people of rural areas in crisis conditions does not help to improve the social capital index of people after the crisis, but also because of the inadequacy of this type of support (weak governance, especially in developing countries) has a negative impact on the people's trust component and as a result the social capital of the people.

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