The current study aimed to study the effects of different environmental factors (topography, climate and soil type) on the concentration and composition of some secondary metabolites in two species of Stachys lavandulifolia and Salvia multicaulis, as well as to modeling their current and future ecological and climatic nich in Hamedan province based on different climatic scenarios using maxent model. For this purpose, in the first phase, the plant materials and related soil samples were collected from 9 habitats for Salvia multicaulis (S. multicauslis) and 10 habitats for Stachys lavandulifolia (S. lavandulifolia), at the full flowering to investigate the environmental factors effects on these plants secondary metabolits. Meteorological data were collected from the nearest meteorological station to the sampling sites. The EC, pH, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and organic carbon content were meagured for soil samples, and total phenol, total flavonoid and phenolic acids content were measured for plant samples. In addition, the essential oil of both species was extracted by steam distillation and their composition was determined by GC-MS, and finally the association between these variables with environmental factors was eva‎luated. The results from the present study revealed that the same environmental factors could have different impacts on different classes of the secondary metabolited of these species. In S. multicauslis, the daily minimum temperature of April and May showed a negative direct effect on total phenols content, however, the relative humidity of April and May enhanced total flavonoids content. The soil magnesium increased salvianolic acid A, but reduced caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid contents. The soil organic carbon enhanced rosemarinic acid (P = 0.079). In S. lavandulifolia, the soil organic carbon had a positive effect on total phenol (P < 0.01) and total flavonoids content (P = 0.011). The annual mean of daily radiation also enhanced total phenol content (P < 0.01). Both the soil phosphorus and potassium increased the salvianolic A (P=0.013) and caffeic acids content (P < 0.01). The concentration of both rosmarinic acid and caffeic was increased by the annual mean of daily minimum temperature (P < 0.01). The soil phosphorus was most effective factor enfluencing quercetin (P < 0.01). Concerning the environmental factors impact on the S. multicauslis essential oil, altitude was the most effective factor, increasing the essential oil efficiency and oxygenated terpenoids concentration. Mono terpenoids had a high positive correlation with relative humidity and the soil organic carbon, however, sesquiterpenoids showd a reverse relation with the above-mentioned fators and a high positive correlation with the soil calcium and phosphorus. In the seconde phase and in the the species distribution modeling, 50 occurrence points was determined for each plant species throughout the Hamedan province. Then, 19 climatic and 3 physiographic variables (including slope, direction and altitude) were selected for the modeling. For preparing the future distribution map of the studied species for 2050 and 2070, two optimistic (RCP2.6) and pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenarios were used. Based on the obtained results, slope, the precipitation of the coldest season of the year and the mean temperature of the driest season were the effective varaibles on the probability of occurrence of both species. Furthermore, based on the results obtained of the applied climatic scenarios, the most decrease in the habitate of S. multicauslis will occure in the west and south of the province and the highest degradation of the habitat of S. lavandulifolia will be in the central areas of the province. Based on this predition, both species will deplace to higher altitude to find a suitable habitat and to adapt to climate change.

مصطفي تركش اصفهاني , سعيد سلطاني كوپائي

رويا كرميان

مرتضي خداقلي، سعيدپورمنافي، پوراندخت گلكار