توصيفگر ها :
محلول پاشي , عنصر روي , عناصر ريز مغذي , پنبه
چكيده فارسي :
و ﺷﺎﯾﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 4 در ﻫﺰار از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ )BBCH=65( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻃﺮح ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ دوﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮره در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺑﻠـﻮك ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر در وراﻣﯿﻦ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑـﻮد. ﺑـﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس رﻗﻢ ﻟﯿﺪر داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺳﭙﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻮزه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و وزن ﻏﻮزه در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﻏـﻮزه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﺧﺮداد و ﻟﯿﺪر و در ﻣﻮرد ﺻﻔﺖ وزن ﻏﻮزه ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﭘﺮﺗﻮ و ﻟﻮدوز ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺻـﻔﺎت وزن داﻧـﻪ و اﻟﯿﺎف ﻧﯿﺰ در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ روي در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﺮ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷـﯽ در ﺻﻔﺖ وزن داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻮزه ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻟﻮدوز و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ در ﺻﻔﺖ وزن اﻟﯿﺎف در ﻏـﻮزه ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ اﺳﺖ. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺻﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ روﯾﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﮔﺸـﺘﻪ و ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ روﯾﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ داراي ﺗﻔﺎوت از ﻧﻈﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﻋـﺪم ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ داري در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي در اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه ﻃﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﺻـﻔﺖ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ زاﯾﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻃﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات از ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ B557 و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻟﻄﯿﻒ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷـﯽ ﺳـﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ زاﯾﺎ در ﻫﻤﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ روي، ﻣﯿـﺰان رﻧﮕﺪاﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي، درﺻﺪ روﻏﻦ و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دو درﺻﺪي ﻣﯿﺰان روﻏﻦ در اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﻗـﻢ ﻟﻄﯿـﻒ اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷـﯽ روي ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻟﯿﺎف اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﯿﺎف، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ، اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم اﻟﯿﺎف و ﮐﺸﺶﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﻇﺮاﻓﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﯿﺎف ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ رﻗـﻢ ﺳـﭙﯿﺪ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﯾﮑﻨـﻮاﺧﺘﯽ در رﻗـﻢ ﻣﺎﮐﺴـﺎ اﺗﻔـﺎق اﻓﺘـﺎد. در ﺻـﻔﺖ ﮐﺸـﺶ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ در رﻗﻢ اﻣﺮﯾﮑﻦ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﺲ رخ داد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮاﻓـﺖ اﻟﯿﺎف ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺮ ﻫﻤـﯿﻦ اﺳـﺎس ﺑـﺮ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ،اﻟﯿﺎف، وش و ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎس ﮐﻞ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ روي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﮔﯿـﺎه ﭘﻨﺒـﻪ دارد. روي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ در ﺳـﻨﺘﺰ و ﻓﻌـﺎل ﺳـﺎزي آﻧـﺰﯾﻢ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻌـﺪد و ﺗﻨﻈـﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﻫـﺎي رﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺰاﯾﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻓﺮآﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه دارد. روي ﺑﺎ ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺘﻮﺳـﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺰاﯾﯽ در اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪات ﻓﺘﻮﺳـﻨﺘﺰي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻤﭙﻠﮑﺲﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ دارد.
چكيده انگليسي :
In order to shed light on the comparative response of 13 genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in terms of growth, grain and fiber yield, yield components, and quality attributes to foliar application of Zn, a field experiment was conducted in the Varamin, Tehran Province, Iran. A 3-replicate randomized complete block design was conducted in Spring-Summer 2021, where 13 genotypes (namely American Genetics, Lodoz, Mai, Leader, Latif, Taban, Golestan, Sepid, Khordad, Maxa, Partov, B557, and Shayan) were exposed to two levels of Zn in the form of ZnSO4 (0 and 4 gkg-1) at the onset of boll formation. The greatest and smallest plant heights belonged to genotypes Leader and Sepid, respectively. The greatest and smallest bolls/plant belonged to genotypes Khordad and Leader but the greatest and smallest grains/boll were observed in Partov and Lodoz, respectively. Both grain weight/boll and fiber weight/boll were affected by the genotype × Zn interaction. The greatest Zn-induced increases in the grain weight/boll and fiber weight/boll were observed in genotypes Lodoz and Partov, respectively. Genotypic differences in branches/plant were observed and this attribute was increased in response to Zn amendment, averged over the genotypes. Boll-bearing branches/plant increased in response to Zn application, but the extent of increase differed among the genotypes.The greatest and smallest Zn-induced increases in the boll-bearing branches/plant belonged to genotypes B557 and Latif, respectively. Foliar-applied Zn resulted in increases in leaf Zn and chlorophyll and grain oil and protein concentrations. Zn-induced increase in the grain oil concentraion amounted to two percent, averaged over the genotypes. The greatest increase in the grain protein concentration was observed in the Zn-treated plants of genotype Latif. The foliar-applied Zn led to iprovement in most of the quality attributes of fiber; fiber length, strength, extensibility, and length uniformity index were improved but micronaire decreased upon Zn application. The longest fibers belonged to genotype Sepid and the greatest Zn-induced increase in the length uniformity was found in the fibers of genotype Maxa. The greatest increase in the fiber extensibility upon exposure of plants to Zn was observed in genotype American Genetics. Most of the grain yield attributes were improved due to Zn application; grain yield, fiber yield, lint yield, and total plant dry mass indicated notable increases in the Zn-treated plants. It may be concluded that many of the grain and fiber yield and quality attributes of cotton respond positively to the Zn application at the onset of boll formation, but the extent of the response varies with genotype.
