Due to the limitation of water and soil resources in the agriculture, it is necessary to protect the water and soil resources and maintain the potential of agriculture. One of the solutions to deal with the world water crisis is the efficient use of water resources and improving the water productivity (WP). Applying deficit irrigation and using different methods of maintaining soil moisture are effective for conserving water and increase water productivity. It should be noted that reducing water consumption should be accompanied by maintaining the quantity and quality of the product. this research, eva‎luated the effect of irrigation regime (100 and 75% of water requirement) and moisture-retaining materials (manure, superabsorbent at the depth of 30 and 40 cm of soil, superabsorbent mixed with soil, consumption of superabsorbent strip, application of nylon at the depth of 30 and 40 cm and control) on characteristics of wheat, water productivity and soil characteristics. The experimental units were arranged as a strip plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the two crop years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 in the south of Kerman province. Deficit irrigation reduced leaf relative water content, concentration of photosynthetic pigments, but increased the leakage of electrolytes and the amount of proline in the leaves. It also caused a decrease in grain and biological yield, plant height, number of spike per surface unit, number of seeds per spike, volume, wet and dry mass of root, but increased water productivity by about 10.3%. Also, in the condition of deficit irrigation, the percentage of grain nitrogen decreased, but it caused an increase in the concentration of potassium and phosphorus in grains. Water-retaining materials were effective on soil properties, and animal manure had a positive and significant effect on soil nutrients and organic carbon. With the use of organic fertilizer, the buck density of the soil decreased, and this fertilizer increased the saturated moisture content, field capacity, and permanent wilting point by 10, 6.7, and 17%, respectively. The use of water-retaining materials in the soil increased the relative water content of leaves, photosynthetic pigments and the percentage of nutritional elements in wheat grains. Animal manure with water productivity of 1.89 kg per m3 took the highest amount. About WP, There was no significant difference between the treatments of applying nylon at two depths of 30 and 40 cm and superabsorbent at a depth of 30 cm. The highest grain yield was observed in the manure treatment (9.55 tons/ha) and then in the nylon application treatment at a depth of 40 cm (8.76 tons/ha). The highest number of spike per surface unit and the number of grain per spike were observed in the treatments of animal manure, application of nylon at a depth of 40 cm and superabsorbent mixed with soil. The interaction effect of irrigation regime in water retaining materials on some traits (leaf area, plant height, number of spike per unit area, number of grain per spike, etc.) was significant, which showed that in deficit irrigation conditions, the use of these materials Wheat traits were improved. In most of the measured traits, there was no significant difference between control and superabsorbent in two soil depths and its strip consumption, so it is recommended not to use these treatments in such soil. The positive effects of animal manure and application of nylon in the depth of the soil were evident in most traits that can be used as water retaining materials, although economic eva‎luation of each of them is necessary.

محمدعلي حاج عباسي جورتاني

هرمزد نقوي , مهدي قيصري , جمشيد رزمجو

محمدرضا مصدقي , حسن كريم مجني , حسين شيراني