The expansion of industrial activities an‎d the increasing use of advanced equipment have highlighted the importance of personal safety against mechanical an‎d environmental hazards. One effective approach in this context is the use of energy-absorbing textiles. Among modern textile structures, three-dimensional spacer fabrics have gained significant attention in protective clothing an‎d equipment due to their unique architecture an‎d potential for impact energy dissipation. Spacer fabrics, with a san‎dwich-like structure consisting of two surface layers an‎d a monofilament core, provide defined thickness, low weight, adequate compressive strength, an‎d elasticity, making them suitable for protective applications, sportswear, an‎d medical equipment.the present study investigates the effects of structural an‎d processing parameters—including the number of layers, stitch spacing, stitch length, stitch orientation, an‎d resin treatment—on the impact behavior an‎d energy absorption capacity of spacer fabrics. Samples measuring 10 × 10 cm were prepared with 301 stitches in warp, weft, an‎d bias directions, with stitch lengths of 3 an‎d 5 mm an‎d stitch spacings of 1.5 an‎d 2.5 cm. The specimens included a control group an‎d three-dimensional double-layer samples, some of which were impregnated an‎d cured with latex resin to examine the effect of post-processing on impact an‎d compressive behavior .For impact testing, a spherical projectile weighing approximately 230 g with a diameter of 13.1 cm was dro‎pped from a height of 100 cm, an‎d its rebound height was recorded with a high-speed camera to calculate the absorbed an‎d specific energies. Compressive behavior was assessed using a Zwick/Roell universal testing machine at a constant speed of 5 mm/min up to 60% of the initial thickness, an‎d force–displacement curves were analyzed .Results showed that the loading type significantly determines the energy absorption mechanism. Under dynamic impact loading, the primary mechanisms include instantaneous deformation, interlayer sliding, an‎d internal friction dissipation. Statistical analysis indicated that non-resin samples exhibited approximately 55% higher specific energy than resin-treated samples due to higher flexibility an‎d rapid deformation capacity. Single-layer samples displayed around 45% higher specific energy than double-layer non-stitched samples. Among double-layer samples, the specimen stitched in the bias direction with 2.5 cm stitch spacing an‎d 5 mm stitch length demonstrated the best specific energy performance, with about 5% higher specific energy compared to other stitch spacings an‎d lengths .In quasi-static compressive testing, energy absorption mainly resulted from overall structural compaction an‎d elastoplastic deformation of the fibrous structure. Structural integrity an‎d interlayer adhesion played a decisive role. Resin-treated samples exhibited approximately 50% higher specific energy than non-resin samples, attributed to improved interlayer bonding, reduced local sliding, an‎d enhanced mechanical stability under compressive loading. Other stitching parameters had negligible effects in this test .Overall, the study demonstrates that flexible, non-resin spacer structures perform best under impact loading, while resin-treated, more consolidated structures are more resistant under compressive loading. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted design an‎d optimization of stitching an‎d resin treatment parameters in spacer fabrics, providing a pathway for developing lightweight protective clothing an‎d equipment with enhanced performance.

سعيد آجلي , حسين حسني

فاطمه حقيقت , توحيد دستان