توصيفگر ها :
Anabaena sp. , اسيدهاي چرب , دافني ماگنا , فسفر , ميكروسيستين
چكيده انگليسي :
Cyanobacteria have been considered a natural source of bioactive molecules with a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, cytotoxic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, the influence of phosphorus on growth, biomass, production of secondary metabolites, as well as the effect of cyanobacterium toxin on the Daphnia magna in the form of acute and chronic toxicity, was investigated. After sampling and identification, Anabaena sp. were kept and cultured at different concentrations of phosphorus, including 7.10 mg/L as a control treatment and 7.74, 8.38, and 9.66 mg/L of phosphorus (CP230, TP250, TP271, and TP312, respectively) and under continuous fluorescent light irradiation with an intensity of 37 µmol/m2 s for a period of 10 days. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate (1.34 ± 0.032 per day), chlorophyll a and total carotenoids (1.16 ± 0.04 and 1.07 ± 0.30 mg/L, respectively), total phenolic content (8.04 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g DW), and DPPH free radical scavenging percentage (76.94 ± 0.75%) were observed in TP271 treatment. The results of the antibacterial activity of the Anabaena sp. methanolic extract also showed that the highest inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli was observed in the TP271 treatment and against Staphylococcus aureus in the TP312 treatment, which were measured as 9.3 ± 1.2 and 5.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. The levels of phosphorus concentrations on the fatty acid profile showed no significant difference among the treatments in terms of saturated fatty acids. In contrast, the highest levels of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in the TP271 treatment, which was significantly different from the control treatment (p<0.05). The results revealed that fatty acids, alkanes, phenolic compounds, alcohols, and esters were the main compounds identified in Anabaena sp. The results also showed that the highest levels of microcystin-LR were observed in TP271, which was 300.5 pg/mL, and was significantly different from other treatments (p < 0.05). The results obtained in the acute toxicity test showed differences between Daphnia magna populations in sensitivity to cyanobacterial samples. The lowest 96-hour LC50 value (highest toxicity) was calculated in the TP271 treatment with 271.12 mg DW/L, and the highest (lowest toxicity) was calculated in the CP230 treatment with 1,790.31 mg DW/L. Overall, the results indicated that phosphorus plays a key role in regulating growth, the production of beneficial bioactive metabolites, and the level of microcystin-LR in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. The proliferation of this cyanobacterium under phosphorus-rich conditions may pose a threat to the balance of aquatic and fisheries ecosystems by including toxicity in zooplankton. However, its ability to produce antibacterial and antioxidant compounds suggests a valuable application potential in fisheries-related industries and aquaculture.
Keywords: Anabaena sp., Daphnia magna, Microcystin, Phosphorus, Toxicity