اثر بيو‌چار و نانو‌ بيوچار برخي پسماندهاي آلي بر رشد و فيزيولوژي فلفل دلمه‌اي گلخانه‌اي

Abstract Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural product that is widely cultivated globally. Fertilization has a significant impact on the production an‎d quality of bell peppers. While chemical fertilizers are extensively used, excessive application can have negative effects on the environment an‎d product quality. Therefore, in recent years, there has been increasing attention on the use of organic fertilizers. Biochar is recognized not only as an organic amendment but also as a tool for promoting sustainable agriculture. Additionally, the application of nanotechnology can help optimize the use of fertilizers an‎d enhance their efficiency. This research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Horticultural Sciences Department at Isfahan University of Technology, aiming to compare the effects of raw, biochar, an‎d nanobiochar forms of various organic waste materials on the growth an‎d physiological traits of bell pepper. The experimental treatments included four types of organic waste (onion skin, pomegranate seeds, licorice root, an‎d sheep wool waste), each tested at two concentrations (1% an‎d 2%) in three forms: raw, biochar, an‎d nanobiochar. For the control treatment, no organic waste was included in the growing medium. It is noteworthy that plants treated with sheep wool biochar at both concentrations (1% an‎d 2%) perished at the beginning of the experiment an‎d were not included in the analysis. The results indicated that the treatment of 1% nanobiochar from pomegranate seeds significantly increased all growth traits of bell pepper plants, including fresh an‎d dry weight of shoots an‎d roots, as well as root volume. Furthermore, the fresh weight an‎d diameter of bell pepper fruits in the 2% biochar treatment of licorice increased by 84% an‎d 43%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a an‎d total chlorophyll, also showed significant increases in the treatment with nanobiochar from sheep wool compared to the control. The 2% nanobiochar treatment of licorice significantly enhanced total phenolic content an‎d antioxidant capacity by 46% an‎d 40%, respectively, compared to the control. Based on the results of previous experiments, the best treatments identified were biochar from licorice, nanobiochar from pomegranate seeds, nanobiochar from licorice, an‎d nanobiochar from onion skin. These treatments were used to determine phenolic an‎d flavonoid compounds, amino acids, mineral element concentrations in leaf tissue, an‎d soil properties. Among the identified phenolic an‎d flavonoid compounds, the dominant compounds in bell pepper were rutin an‎d gallic acid, with the highest amounts found in the 2% biochar treatment of licorice, measuring 47 an‎d 13 mg 100 g-1 of fresh plant weight, respectively. Additionally, apigenin was found to have the highest concentration in the 2% nanobiochar treatment of licorice compared to the control. In total, 20 amino acid compounds were identified in bell pepper plants, with the predominant compounds being aspartic acid an‎d glutamic acid, which were found in the highest amounts in the 2% nanobiochar treatment of licorice. This treatment also increased the concentrations of calcium an‎d magnesium in the leaves of bell pepper plants by 37% an‎d 30%, respectively, compared to the control. In conclusion, the results indicate that the 2% nanobiochar treatment of licorice is identified as the best treatment for improving the growth an‎d physiological traits of bell pepper an‎d can be considered an effective option for sustainable agriculture.

مريم حقيقي

حسين شريعتمداري , مريم احسني

اميرحسين خوش گفتارمنش , مهدي رحيم ملك