تاثير بقاياي گياهان زراعي و بيش انباشتگر بر قابليت جذب روي در خاك و غلظت آن در دانه گندم

چكيده انگليسي :

Crop and Hyperaccumulator Residues Effects on Bioavailability of Zinc in Soil and Its Concentration in Wheat Grain Vajiheh Dorostkar v dorostkar83@yahoo com October 27 2010 Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 Iran Degree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisors M Afyuni Afyuni@cc iut ac ir A H Khoshgoftarmanesh amirhkhosh@cc iut ac irAbstractAgronomic biofortification is a new strategy for fighting zinc Zn deficiency in human Biofortification canimprove Zn uptake by plants by changing Zn status in soil Crop residues can influence nutrient cycle andsoils physical and chemical properties it can use as powerful tool in agronomic biofortification This studywas conducted to evaluating effects of crop residues on Zn concentration in wheat grain and evaluating thepossibility of using hyperaccumulator plant residues as Zn source in agricultural lands In the first part fivecrop residues sunflower clover sorghum safflower bean were used Two wheat cultivars including Kavir as a zn inefficient cultivar and backcross Rushan as a zn efficient cultivar were planted in the in theresidue treatments Wheat yield Zn concentration and Zn total content in root shoot and grain and phyticacid concentration and grain protein were measured In the second part of the study Thlaspi caerulescensand Amaranthus retlofelexus as Zn hyperaccumulators were planted in high and low Zn concentrationsoils After plant harvest Zn concentration in the roots and shoots were measured Results show that beanresiduses had highest effect on Zn concentration in soil Roots shoots and grain yields were higher in kavirthan backcross rushan All crop residues significantly increased wheat shoot yield but did not significantlyaffect wheat grain yield Zinc concentration in backcross roshan grains as Zn efficient cultivar was higherthan kavir grain The phy c acid to Zn molar ra o was greater than 15 in both wheat cul vars indica ng lowZn bioavailability In addition crop residues caused significant increase in Zn grains compared to thecontrol treatment Sorghum and sunflower treatments had the greatest effects and bean and clovertreatments had the lowest effect on Zn concentration The phytic acid to Zn molar ratio decreased in bothcultivar as result of residues treatments Sorghum sunflower and safflower had the highest effect on grainZn concentration but phytic acid to Zn molar ratio was highest in these treatments too Grain proteinconcentration was higher in backcross rushan than kavir cultivar and Bean and clover residuse inceasedgrain protein concentration significantly due to adding more nitrogen to the soil The results in the secondspart of the study showed that Zn concentration in Thlaspi caerulescens and Amaranthus retlofelexus rootsand shoots were higher than nonaccumulator plants Thlaspi caerulescens shoot that grown in the high Znconcentra on soil can poten ally adding 10 mg Zn in to one kilogram of soil that is around 78 kg zincsulfate Thus Thlaspi caerulescens is a good source for producing Zn fertilizer In addition Amaranthusretlofelexus s shoot that grown in zn nonpolluted soil added 0 05 mg zinc to one kilogram of soil that isaround 0 4 kg zinc sulfate So Amaranthus cannot make a big change in soil zinc at short time HoweverAmaranthus retlofelexus s shoot added 33 percent Zn more than Thlaspi caerulescens in zn nonpollutedsoil So Amaranthus was more effective in this kind of soil Key words zinc zinc availability zn efficient cultivars crop residues hyperaccumulator plants wheat

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تاثير بقاياي گياهان زراعي و بيش انباشتگر بر قابليت جذب روي در خاك و غلظت آن در دانه گندم

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