اثر سطوح مختلف علوفه يونجه ﴿عامل فيزيكي﴾ و سديم پروپيونات ﴿عامل شيميايي﴾ بر عملكرد و توسعه شكمبه در گوساله هاي شيرخوار

چكيده انگليسي :

Effect of Different Levels of Alfalfa Hay as a physical factor and Sodium Propionate as a chemical factor Supplementation on Performance and Rumen Development of Dairy Calves Hamed Beiranvand Hamedbeiran669@gmail com Date of Submission 2011 1 26 Department of Animal Science Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 Iran Degree M Sc Language Farsi Supervisor G R Ghorbani ghorbani@cc iut ac ir Abstract Forty two male Holstein calves 46 3 0 kg were used to evaluate the effect of alfalfa hay as a physical factor inclusion at different levels and sodium propionate as a chemical factor supplementation on intake average daily gain ADG feed efficiency weaning age skeletal growth fecal score and rumen development in dairy calves This experiment was conducted as complete randomized design with a 2 3 factorial arrangement Dietary treatments consisted of 1 concentrate only Control 2 concentrate plus 5 sodium propionate Control Pro 3 concentrate 5 forage only 5 F 4 5 forage 5 sodium propionate 5 F Pro 5 concentrate 10 forage only 10 F and 6 10 forage 5 sodium propionate 10 F Pro All calves received 4 L of colostrums within 12 h of birth Calves initially less than 3 days old were housed in individual pens through 70 days Dietary treatments were provided ad libitum in addition to constant amount of milk 4 kg head day Concentrate was provided as meal form and alfalfa hay was chopped with geometric mean particle size between 2 5 2 8 mm The base of weaning was consumption of 1 kg solid feed during 3 consecutive days Nine calves from selected treatments Control 10 F and 10 F Pro 3 calves per treatment were euthanized at 70 d of age Tissue samples were taken from different part of the rumen include A caudal portion of the caudal ventral blind sac LB left side caudal dorsal sac LC left side cranial dorsal sac LD left side cranial ventral sac LE left side ventral portion of caudal ventral blind sac All data were analyzed using the mixed linear model PROC MIXED of SAS SAS 2003 The covariance structure was modeled using an auto regression structure within animals and random effect between animals Alfalfa hay supplementation significantly increased dry matter intake and average daily gain However the effects of propionate or propionate forage interaction were not significant Propionate and propionate forage did not significantly affected feed efficiency on the other hand alfalfa hay feeding reduced feed efficiency P 0 02 Weaning age was decreased significantly with forage supplementation in comparison to propionate supplementation 45 d vs 61 d respectively Fecal score were not affected by treatments Rumen wall in calves fed alfalfa hay had thinner keratin layer with stronger muscles layer compared with control group However papilla length and other rumen characteristics such as papilla width epithelium thickness rumen wall thickness were significantly affected by 10 F Propionate and propionate forage interaction did not affect rumen parameters Overall results of present study indicate that adding forage in the form of chopped alfalfa hay positively influenced intake ADG and microscopic appearance of the rumen epithelium and rumen wall as well as decrease in weaning age In addition rumen epithelium in control group had deformed papilla and this effect may cause reduction in absorption rate of rumen metabolites in the rumen In sum up the performance of control dairy calves decreased in comparison to forage fed groups may be due to occurrence rumen wall parakeratosis Key words Alfalfa hay Calf Propionate Rumen Development

بيرانوند، حامد

اثر سطوح مختلف علوفه يونجه ﴿عامل فيزيكي﴾ و سديم پروپيونات ﴿عامل شيميايي﴾ بر عملكرد و توسعه شكمبه در گوساله هاي شيرخوار

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