بررسي تنوع ژنتيكي بين و درون برخي گونه هاي Carthamus و امكان تلاقي پذيري دو خويشاوند وحشي با گلرنگ زراعي

چكيده انگليسي :

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity Within and Between Some Species of Carthamus and Interspecific Hybridisation Between Two Wild Relatives and Carthamus tinctorius Reza Shiravand r shiravand@ag iut ac ir Date of Submission august 7 2012 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 Iran Degree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisor Mohammad Mahdi Majidi majidi@cc iut ac irAbstractWild species of cultivated plants carry useful genes which can be used for breeding programs Thisresearch was conducted on safflower in three separate studies during 2010 and 2011 The first studywas performed to investigate genetic variation in 46 genotypes from five cultivated and wild species ofCarthamus genus and to evaluate their drought tolerance under field conditions For this purposegenotypes were evaluated under normal and deficit irrigation according to a completely random blocksdesign In the second study the hybridization of cultivated species C tinctorius and three wildspecies C glaucus C oxyacanthu and C palaestinus direction and reciprocal crosses were assessed The F1 hybrids were confirmed using morphological and SRAP markers In the third study droughttolerance of three species including a cultivated species and two wild species of C palaestinus C oxyacanthus and F2 progeny were evaluated in germination and seedling stage using four level ofPEG treatments Results of first study showed that drought stress significantly reduced days toripening seed number per head head diameter one thousound seed weight head yield and seed yieldper plant Water stress caused more reductions in the seed yield of cultivated species as compared withwild species The wild species C palaestinus had higher head yield per plant head diameter headnumber per plant and seed number per head than other wild species resulting to more seed yield inboth moisture conditions Also the highest oil percent was belonged to this species in both moistureconditions Results of step wise regresion and path analysis indicated that seed number per head headnumber per plant and one thousound seed weight justified more variation of seed yield and can be usedfor indirect selection of grain yield in safflower breeding programes Factor analysis revealed fourfactors which explained more than 82 and 85 percent of variance in non stress and stress conditions respectively The importance of identified facors in two moisture environments were different whichshould be considered in breeding for drought tolerance Cluster analysis of 46 investigated genotypesbased on agro morphological traits indicated that three species C tinctorius C palaestinu and C oxyacanthus had the most similarity among studied species Based on drought susceptibility indices SSI and TOL three species of C lanatus C oxyacanthus and C glaucus had the lowestsusceptibility On the other hand drought tolerance indices MP GMP and STI showed that the speciesC palaestinus followed by cultivated species had the highest tolerance which was confirmed byprinciple commponents analysis Results of the second study indicated that there is high hybridizationamong C tinctorius with two species of C palaestinu C oxyacanthus High hybridization was alsoobserved between the two wild species C oxyacanthus C palaestinus In the cross of C glaucuswith C tinctorius and C palaestinus no fertile hybrids was observed Results of the third study using 3graph and biplot of principle components analysis indicated that wild species C palaestinus and C oxyacanthus and their respective F2 progeny had more drought tolerance in seedling stage which maybe due to heterosis As a whole in respect to high hybridization of two main safflower relativesspecially C palaestinus because high similarity to C tinctorius species and their high tolerance todrought stress they are suitable source for transferring drought tolerance genes to C tinctoriusspecies Keywords Safflowers wild species hybridization drought stress droght tolerance index

شيراوند، رضا

بررسي تنوع ژنتيكي بين و درون برخي گونه هاي Carthamus و امكان تلاقي پذيري دو خويشاوند وحشي با گلرنگ زراعي

گونه هاي وحشي , تنش خشكي , شاخص تحمل به خشكي