طراحي، ساخت و ارزيابي واحد رطوبت و حرارت دهي به منظور تهيه جو پرك براي تغذيه دام

چكيده انگليسي :

Design Development and Evaluation of Moisture Heat Treatment System to Flake Barley for livestock feeding Moein Kamali M kamali@ag iut ac ir July 2 2012 Department of Agricultural Machinery Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree M Sc Language FarsiSupervisors Seyed Jalil Razavi jrazavi@cc iut ac ir Morteza Sadeghi sadeghimor@cc iut ac ir AbstractBarley Hordeum vulgare L is an ancient and important cereal grain crop Barley as an important food grain ismainly used in beverage industry for human consumption as well as used to feed directly to livestock for energyprovision for production animals to produce milk and meat As a grain barley can not be consumed by livestockwithout being mechanically processed Barley processing consists of making physical deformation in order tofacilitate starch decomposition and break up by rumen digestive enzymes Steam rolling is a p hysical wetprocessing method which requires heavy investment on steam equipment To replace steam rolling with a lessexpensive method soaking and heating process in a moisture heat treatment system MHTS was performed Rehydration process can take long time and does not guarantee a homogeneous distribution of water theachievement of larger rehydration temperature has been proposed The study of the rehydration kinetics ofproducts is useful for process optimization it is also of interest to know how the kinetics will be affected byprocessing variables and how the soaking time under given conditions can be predicted Various barley seeds Fajr MB 863 and Reyhan03 grown in Isfahan Province in Iran were used for the experiment in this study Experiments were conducted in distilled water at 10 C 20 C 45 C for each type of barley at different duration A Moisture Heat Treatment System MHTS for barley flake processing was designed and fabricated in order todetermine parameters on quality and quantity of processed barley Factors in the experiment design includedmoisture 20 25 and 30 heat 60 70 and 80 C and holding time 4 6 and 8 hour with three replications Processing index PI and particle size analysis was performed using a sieve shaker based on ASAE standardsS424 1 after experiments were done passing samples through the processing rollers The mean values forcomparisons of different experimental treatments were examined through the LSD test at the probability level of P d 0 05 The results from this study showed that rehydration curves were greatly affected by the watertemperature Increase in the water temperature caused a decrease in the rehydration time The effective moisturediffusivity values were calculated using Crank s solution of second Fick s equation for infinite plane sheet andwere obtained between 4 4 10 11 and 6 7 10 11 m2 s 1 for Reyhan03 cultivar 4 4 10 11 and 6 5 10 11 m2 s 1 for Fajrcultivar and 4 0 10 11 and 6 2 10 11 m2 s 1 for MB 863 cultivar Empirical modeling of rehydration data was doneby fitting to 10 commonly models used for rehydration processes The performance of these models was assessedby statistical procedure According to the maximum coefficient of determination R 2 and minimum value of rootmean square of error RMSE between the observed and predicted moisture ratios the Verma model showed thebest close prediction to the observed data The theoretical modeling of rehydration data was done using numerical implicit solution of second Fick s equation The predicting model based on numerical solution of second Fick sequation showed a good correlation with the experimental data The result of comp arison means showed that theexperimental treatment of 30 moisture 80 C heat and 8 hour holding time had the highest processing index PI and lowest rate of particles Also comparis on means of chemical analys is indicated that this experimentaltreatment had the lowest neutral detergent fiber NDF and acid detergent fiber ADF amounts Key words barley processing index modeling chemical analys is

كمالي، معين

طراحي، ساخت و ارزيابي واحد رطوبت و حرارت دهي به منظور تهيه جو پرك براي تغذيه دام

فراوري , مدل سازي , آناليز شيميايي