تاثير كود گاوي و كمپوست زباله شهري بر جذب فلزات سنگين و فعاليت برخي آنزيم هاي آنتي اكسيداني كاهو در يك خاك آلوده

چكيده انگليسي :

Effect of Manure and Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Uptake of Heavy Metals and Activity of some Antioxidant Enzymes of Lettuce in a Contaminated Soil Farshad Kazemi farshad se7en@yahoo com December 25 2013 Department of Soil Science Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156 83111 IranDegree M Sc Language FarsiHossein Shariatmadari shariat@cc iut ac irAbstractSoil as a major natural resource constitutes the biosphere Human activities including agricultural industrialand mining activities led to soil degradation In this regard the presence of various inorganic and organiccontaminants in soil is one of the challenges that mankind face Among the non biodegradable contaminants heavy metals and their physiological effects on living organisms human health threat followed by their entryinto the food chain even at low concentration are important Of the major heavy metals lead zinc andcadmium can be pointed out Agricultural soils health plays a key role in food and society health One way toaddress the soil contamination is to reduce the availability of heavy metals for plant uptake Organic materialsthrough humification may stabilize the heavy metals on carboxyl groups of humic acids reducing the metalbioavailability in the root environment Sources of organic matter amendments to soils are mainly manure plant residues and different types of composts In this work the effects of two organic amendments on lead zinc and cadmium uptake of lettuce from a naturally and a hand made contaminated soil were investigated The naturally contaminated soil was sampled from 0 20 cm depth of Bama mine vicinity region 20 km southwest of Isfahan A surface non contaminated soil sample was obtained from Chah Anari farm IsfahanUniversity of Technology The artificially polluted soil was made of the later sample using lead zinc andcadmium chloride salts The experiment was carried out in Isfahan University of Technology trial greenhouseas a completely randomized factorial design with three replications The treatments were municipal solidwaste compost and cow manure each at three levels 0 0 5 and 1 as organic carbon two cultivars of lettuce Conquistador and Grizzly and three soil samples naturally and hand made contaminated and a noncontaminated soil The results showed that the addition of municipal solid waste compost and cow manureincreased the dry weight of both lettuce cultivars The maximum dry weight yield of both lettuce cultivarsobtained from non contaminated soil while the artificially contaminated soil produced the minimum yield The municipal solid waste compost treatment produced higher root dry weight yield in Conquistador incomparison with manure The root dry weight decreased with increasing organic amendment levels Themunicipal solid waste compost showed a higher lead and zinc content in lettuce shoots Addition of organicamendments to the soils reduced the lead concentrations in shoots of both lettuce cultivars Manure showed ahigher Cd concentration in lettuce shoot over the compost The organic amendments decreased the leadconcentration in the roots of Conquistador while decreasing zinc and cadmium in the roots of both cultivars The peroxidase and catalase activities in shoots of both cultivars grown in non contaminated soil were lowerthan the contaminated soil Addition of organic amendments to the soil decreased the peroxidase activity oflettuce shoots in both cultivars Catalase activity in lettuce treated with manure was higher than the composttreatment The amendments decreased catalase activity in shoots of Grizzly but the decrease in Conquistadorwas not significant Key words Antioxidant enzymes heavy metals lettuce manure and municipal solid waste compost

كاظمي، فرشاد

تاثير كود گاوي و كمپوست زباله شهري بر جذب فلزات سنگين و فعاليت برخي آنزيم هاي آنتي اكسيداني كاهو در يك خاك آلوده